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Unclear what happens if your cell phone battery is empty.

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The TSA adds another security measure: US-bound travelers from certain foreign airports may now have to turn on their mobile devicess to prove they aren’t covert explosive devices.

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The majority opinion is broad because, she argues, it threatens to open the floodgates for corporations to “opt out of any law” (except for tax laws) by citing religious beliefs.

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Songza was created by Aza Raskin and Scott Robbin in 2007. It was among the first apps to offer users playlists for specific “moods” or activities such as waking up, working out, commuting, concentrating, unwinding, entertaining, and sleeping. Spotify has since incorporated a similar feature into its product.

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This is significantly higher than the 215,000 economists were anticipating.

Following the news, the S&P 500, the Dow, and the NASDAQ all rose; the Dow crossed 17,000 for the first time ever seconds after the opening bell.

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Originally read “MY Flag.” In 1923, the word “my” was changed to “the” and “of the United States of America” was added.

Bellamy also wrote out instructions on what a person should do when reciting this part of the Pledge:

At the words, “to my Flag,” the right hand is extended gracefully, palm upward, toward the Flag, and remains in this gesture till the end of the affirmation; whereupon all hands immediately drop to the side.

This salute was known as the Bellamy salute and looked like this:

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This “to” was added in 1923.

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An expression of loyalty to the US, the pledge is a result of a late 19th century push by Bellamy to inspire nationalism in the nation’s schools. It’s commonly recited at the beginning of the school day, with 45 out of 50 states explicitly giving extra time for it (although the decision of whether to recite it is still at the discretion of the local school board).

While schools may say it generally, no individual student is required to recite the pledge. The Supreme Court has repeatedly upheld the constitutional right of students to refuse to say the pledge.

It was adopted as an official part of the US Flag Code in the 40s, and all Congressional sessions now open with the recital of the Pledge.

The Pledge was originally published in The Youth’s Companion on September 8, 1892 and read:

I pledge allegiance to my Flag and the Republic for which it stands, one nation, indivisible, with liberty and justice for all.

The official name “The Pledge of Allegiance” was adopted in 1945.

Although it takes a few moments to say, and it’s read with many pauses, note that the entire pledge is a single sentence long.

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When Douglass was eight, he was sent to Baltimore to live with a ship carpenter named Hugh Auld. Auld’s wife taught Douglass to read. “Going to live at Baltimore,” Douglass would later say, “laid the foundation, and opened the gateway, to all my subsequent prosperity.”

After Auld’s wife stopped teaching him, Douglass continued, secretly, to teach himself how to read and write. Later, when Douglass was hired out to another slaveowner, he taught other slaves on the plantation to read the New Testament at a weekly Sunday school.

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