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A recession is any time economic growth declines (negative gross domestic product growth) for two straight quarters.

Economists can’t agree on the difference between a depression and a recession. Essentially, a depression is when a recession lasts 2+ years or the economy experiences a more than 10% decline in economic growth.

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A bull market is when the market goes up a lot and everyone parties so it keeps going up.

A bear market is when the market goes down a lot and everyone gets depressed so it keeps going down.

Comes from how each animal attacks: a bull thrusts its horns up and a bear swipes its paws down.

An iconic charging bull sculpture sits near Wall Street and the New York Stock Exchange

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If mc economy starts to stutter (people are not spending enough money and supply is beginning to exceed demand)

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Tne full quote from Keynes:

In the long run we are all dead. Economists set themselves too easy, too useless a task if in tempestuous seasons they can only tell us that when the storm is long past the ocean is flat again.

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Y is for Gross Domestic Product (all the stuff and services made IN and BY the US in a year)

Keynes came up with the equation C + I + G = Y (all the stuff we bought and saved + all the stuff the government bought should equal all the stuff made in and by the US)

NOTE: The equation for an open economy (one in which goods are exported and imported) is: C + I + G + (X-M) = Y where (X-M) is exports – imports.

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C is for consumption.

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The massive stock market crash on October 29, 1929 (“Black Tuesday”) that signaled the beginning of the Great Depression

Bad times

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like when the dow does this:

whaddup 2008 and 9?

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Keynes believed that during recessions/depressions supply > demand (too much stuff but not enough people with $$$$ to buy that stuff).

He supported government spending during economic downturns as a way to raise aggregate demand and lower unemployment.

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Hayek believed that the market could correct itself and that any government or central bank policy efforts to restore growth could transform a mild recession into an economic cluster

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