I. Systemic Blood Pressure

A. Systolic vs. Diastolic
1. Definition
2. Measure directly
3. Measure indirectly

B. Influencing factors
1. Cardiac output
2. Stroke volume = end- diastolic volume – end-systolic volume
3. EDV factors
a. Atrial pressure
b. Ventricular compliance

4. ESV factors
a. Ventricular contractility
1. Frank-Starling law of the heart
2. Effect of the SNS



b. Ventricular afterload



5. Heart rate
6. Ejection fraction

C. Pulse Pressure
1. Definition
2. PP directly related to:
3. PP is inversely related to:

D. Mean Arterial Pressure
Approximation when at rest

II. Blood Flow

A. Autoregulation of capillary flow
1. Review
2. Active tissues
3. Inactive tissues

B. Autonomic Regulation of Arterioles

III. Capillary dynamics

A. Starling forces: filtration versus absorption

Across the capillary:
1. Filtration forces: outward
a. Hydrostatic blood pressure
b. Tissue protein osmotic pressure
2. Absorption forces: inward
a. Plasma protein osmotic pressure
b. Tissue hydrostatic pressure



3. Overall Equation
Arterial end
Venous end


B. Role of the lymphatic system

C. Peripheral edema:
Increase in Outward
Decrease in the inward

IV. Pulmonary versus Systemic Pressure and Flow

A. Pulmonary Flow = Systemic Flow
B. Pulmonary pressure differential < Systemic pressure differential

C. Pulmonary resistance< Systemic Resistance

D. Regulation of Flow
1. Systemic
a. High pressure
b. Into CO2

2. Pulmonary
a. Low pressure
b. Into O2

E. Capillary Dynamics
1. Systemic capillary
2. Pulmonary Capillary